In the current context of urban development, urban household waste incineration is mainly carried out through mechanical grate incinerators and fluidized bed incinerators. Through investigation, it can be found that 90% of incineration plants in European countries use mechanical grate roads for waste disposal, while incineration plants in large cities in Japan use mechanical grate roads.
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With the rapid development of production and the rapid rise of the economy, China has entered the ranks of countries with high production of urban household waste. According to statistics, the total production of urban waste in China was 69 million tons in 1990, and the total production of urban waste in China reached 100 million tons in 1995. According to a survey of 418 large and medium-sized cities, the garbage production in Chinese cities is increasing at an annual rate of 10%. By 2014, the annual storage volume of garbage in China had reached over 6 billion tons, occupying an area of up to 500 million square meters (750000 acres) of land. Out of more than 600 cities in the country, more than 200 have been surrounded by garbage mountains. The long-term open-air stacking of garbage has posed a significant threat and harm to the atmospheric environment, groundwater, and soil. Therefore, it is imperative to vigorously develop research on urban waste incineration technology and the development and application of equipment in China.
In 2014, China built 178 domestic waste incineration power plants and adopted mechanical exhaust technology, with 67 power plants using fluidized bed technology. The waste incineration plants using circulating fluidized bed technology are mainly distributed in the eastern region, while those using mechanical exhaust technology are mostly distributed in the eastern coastal areas. Meanwhile, in the process of gradually improving people's environmental awareness, pyrolysis gasification incineration technology has been applied in environmental protection in recent years .
Urban household waste contains two major parts: combustible and non combustible waste, with combustible parts including waste paper, rags, bamboo and wood, leather, plastic, and animal and plant residues. The non combustible parts are various waste metals, sand, glass ceramic fragments, etc. China's urban consumption level is relatively low, with a high proportion of non combustible components in waste, and a much lower calorific value than developed countries. Moreover, the composition of garbage varies depending on region, season, urban consumption level, and year. Therefore, it is required that garbage incineration equipment has strong adaptability to changes in garbage composition (especially changes in moisture and calorific value), and can adjust the combustion process in a timely and effective manner based on fluctuations in garbage composition to ensure timely ignition and stable combustion of garbage.
With the continuous improvement of urban living standards in China, urban garbage is developing towards a trend of decreasing moisture content and gradually increasing combustible components. The calorific value of garbage in medium-sized and above cities generally ranges from 2512 to 4605 kJ/kg, and in some regions it has reached 3349 to 6280 kJ/kg, which has met or approached the requirements of garbage incineration (calorific value not less than 3350 kJ/kg). Since the introduction of Martin type waste incinerators from Japan in 1985 in Shenzhen, cities such as Zhuhai and Guangzhou in China have also adopted foreign waste layer burning incineration systems. The Shanghai Pudong New Area Domestic Waste Incineration Plant will also introduce inclined reciprocating grate incinerators provided by French companies. We should introduce advanced equipment from abroad, accumulate operational experience, gradually digest advanced technology from abroad, and then develop and develop garbage incineration equipment that is suitable for China's national conditions based on the actual situation in our country.
Analyzing the characteristics of various urban waste incineration equipment, it can be concluded that it is reasonable and feasible to develop inclined reciprocating push feed grate incinerators based on China's national conditions. In design, in addition to considering the heat transfer efficiency of the heating surface, issues such as corrosion and wear of the heating surface and furnace wall, flue gas purification, and automatic control should also be considered. In the design of furnace arches and furnaces, as well as the layout and distribution of combustion air, full consideration should be given to the characteristics of low calorific value and high moisture content of urban waste in China. Considering the actual situation in China, while developing large-scale waste boilers and constructing large-scale waste incineration plants, the development of small and medium-sized waste incineration equipment should be encouraged.
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